Golf is a game that requires precision, skill, and strategy. It is a sport that is enjoyed by millions of people around the world, both amateur and professional. One of the most popular ways to play golf is on a nine-hole course. But what exactly is a nine-hole golf course? In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the ins and outs of the nine-hole golf course, including its history, layout, and benefits. Whether you are a seasoned golfer or a beginner, this guide will provide you with a deep understanding of the nine-hole golf course and how to make the most of your time on the course. So, get ready to tee off and discover the fascinating world of nine-hole golf!
What is a Nine-Hole Golf Course?
Definition and Brief History
A nine-hole golf course is a golf course that consists of nine holes, which are typically played in a series of three loops. Each loop consists of three holes, and players repeat the loop twice before moving on to the next one. This format allows for a more manageable and less time-consuming round of golf compared to an 18-hole course.
The history of the nine-hole golf course can be traced back to the early days of golf when the sport was first developed in Scotland. In the 17th and 18th centuries, golf courses were primarily nine-hole courses, as they were easier to maintain and less expensive to build. However, as the popularity of golf grew, and more resources became available, 18-hole courses began to become more common.
Today, nine-hole golf courses remain popular, particularly for casual golfers and beginners. They are often more affordable and accessible than 18-hole courses, and they can be played in a shorter amount of time. Additionally, nine-hole courses often have a more relaxed atmosphere and are less crowded than their 18-hole counterparts, making them a great option for those who want to enjoy a round of golf without the pressure of a full 18-hole round.
Layout and Design
A nine-hole golf course is a smaller version of an 18-hole golf course, typically designed for beginners, seniors, or those who want to play a shorter round of golf. The layout and design of a nine-hole golf course are critical factors that can impact the overall golfing experience. In this section, we will explore the key aspects of a nine-hole golf course’s layout and design.
Par 3 Holes
Par 3 holes are typically shorter than par 4 or par 5 holes and require the golfer to hit the ball a relatively short distance to reach the green. On a nine-hole golf course, par 3 holes are usually designed to be strategically placed and can be used to create challenging approaches to the green.
Par 4 Holes
Par 4 holes are the most common type of hole on a nine-hole golf course and require the golfer to hit the ball a moderate distance to reach the green. These holes often have a strategic element, with different approaches available depending on the golfer’s skill level and preference.
Par 5 Holes
Par 5 holes are the longest holes on a nine-hole golf course and require the golfer to hit the ball a significant distance to reach the green. These holes are typically designed to test the golfer’s ability to hit long drives and approach shots while also requiring precision to avoid hazards and other obstacles.
Greens
The greens on a nine-hole golf course are typically smaller than those on an 18-hole golf course, which means that approach shots must be more precise. The design of the greens can impact the golfer’s ability to make a successful shot, with factors such as slope, undulation, and size all playing a role.
Hazards and Obstacles
Hazards and obstacles are an essential part of any golf course and can come in many forms, including sand traps, water hazards, and trees. On a nine-hole golf course, these hazards and obstacles are often strategically placed to challenge the golfer’s ability to hit accurate shots and make it to the green.
Bunkers
Bunkers are a common hazard on a nine-hole golf course and are typically designed to challenge the golfer’s ability to get out of the sand. The design of the bunkers can impact the golfer’s ability to make a successful shot, with factors such as depth, slope, and location all playing a role.
In conclusion, the layout and design of a nine-hole golf course are critical factors that can impact the overall golfing experience. Par 3, 4, and 5 holes, greens, hazards, and obstacles all play a role in creating a challenging and enjoyable round of golf. By understanding these key aspects of a nine-hole golf course, golfers can improve their skills and enjoy the game even more.
Advantages of Playing Nine-Hole Golf Courses
Time Efficiency
- Nine-hole golf courses offer a more time-efficient option for players compared to traditional 18-hole courses.
- This can be especially beneficial for those with busy schedules or limited time to devote to golfing.
- Playing a nine-hole course allows golfers to complete a round in approximately one-third of the time it takes to play an 18-hole course.
- This extra time can be used for other activities or to fit in additional rounds of golf.
- For those who are still learning the game, nine-hole courses can provide a great opportunity to improve their skills without feeling overwhelmed by a full 18-hole course.
- Furthermore, playing a nine-hole course can be a great way to introduce beginners to the game, as it allows them to learn and develop their skills in a more manageable setting.
- Additionally, nine-hole courses are often less crowded than 18-hole courses, which can make for a more enjoyable and relaxed golfing experience.
- This can be especially beneficial for those who prefer a more leisurely pace of play and do not want to feel rushed or pressured by other golfers.
- Overall, the time efficiency of nine-hole golf courses can make them a great option for golfers of all skill levels and time constraints.
Cost-Effectiveness
- Nine-hole golf courses often offer more affordable rates compared to 18-hole courses, making them an attractive option for budget-conscious golfers.
- The cost savings can be significant, as players only pay for nine holes instead of 18, and the course maintenance costs are also reduced.
- In addition, playing a nine-hole course can also save time, as players can complete a round in a shorter amount of time compared to an 18-hole course.
- For those who are new to the sport or have limited time to play, nine-hole courses can provide a great introduction to the game without breaking the bank.
- Moreover, the smaller size of nine-hole courses also means that they require less equipment and can be played with fewer clubs, further reducing costs.
- In summary, the cost-effectiveness of nine-hole golf courses can make them an appealing option for golfers of all skill levels and financial situations.
Accessibility
- Affordable Option: Playing a nine-hole golf course is a cost-effective alternative to playing an 18-hole course. It allows golfers to enjoy the sport without breaking the bank.
- Shorter Time Commitment: A nine-hole golf course typically takes less time to play than an 18-hole course. This makes it ideal for those who have limited time to spare or for beginners who are still learning the game.
- Less Physically Demanding: Playing nine holes is less physically demanding than playing 18 holes. It reduces the risk of injury and allows golfers to play more frequently without experiencing fatigue.
- Ideal for Beginners: Nine-hole golf courses are ideal for beginners who are still learning the game. They provide a more manageable and less intimidating environment for beginners to develop their skills.
- Family-Friendly: Nine-hole golf courses are often more family-friendly than 18-hole courses. They are usually shorter and less crowded, making them a great option for families with young children who want to enjoy a round of golf together.
- Easier to Walk: Nine-hole golf courses are often more walkable than 18-hole courses. This makes them a great option for those who prefer to walk instead of ride in a golf cart.
- Greater Flexibility: Nine-hole golf courses offer greater flexibility in terms of tee times and round length. This makes it easier for golfers to fit a round of golf into their busy schedules.
- More Social: Nine-hole golf courses are often more social than 18-hole courses. They provide a more relaxed and casual environment for golfers to socialize and enjoy the game with friends and family.
Nine-Hole vs. 18-Hole Golf Courses: Key Differences
Course Length
One of the most notable differences between nine-hole and 18-hole golf courses is the length of the course. On average, a nine-hole golf course measures between 2,500 to 3,500 yards, while an 18-hole golf course can range from 5,000 to 7,000 yards or more. However, it’s important to note that these measurements are not absolute, as course designers can vary the length and layout of both types of courses to suit the specific needs and preferences of players.
Despite the difference in length, both nine-hole and 18-hole golf courses are designed to provide a challenging and enjoyable round of golf for players of all skill levels. While the length of the course may affect the difficulty of the game, other factors such as the layout, hazards, and greens can also play a significant role in determining the overall experience of playing on a golf course.
Skill Level
The skill level of a golfer plays a crucial role in determining whether a nine-hole or an 18-hole golf course is more suitable. Here are some key differences to consider:
- 18-Hole Courses: These courses are designed to challenge even the most skilled golfers. They often feature longer distances between holes, more hazards, and strategically placed bunkers, which can make for a grueling and demanding round of golf. For high-handicap golfers, an 18-hole course can be a daunting experience, as it requires a significant amount of time and physical stamina.
- Nine-Hole Courses: Nine-hole courses are generally designed to be more accessible to golfers of all skill levels. They often have shorter distances between holes, fewer hazards, and less challenging greens, making them ideal for beginners or those who prefer a more leisurely round of golf. Additionally, nine-hole courses are often more compact, which means that golfers can complete a round in a shorter amount of time, making them ideal for those with busy schedules.
It’s important to note that while nine-hole courses may be more accessible to golfers of all skill levels, they still require a certain level of proficiency to play well. Golfers must still be able to hit the ball accurately, manage their distances, and navigate around hazards and other obstacles.
Overall, the choice between a nine-hole and an 18-hole golf course depends on a golfer’s skill level, available time, and personal preferences. For those who are new to the game or looking for a more relaxed round, a nine-hole course may be the perfect choice. For those who are more experienced and looking for a greater challenge, an 18-hole course may be the way to go.
Playing Experience
- Course Length and Pace
- Nine-hole courses are typically shorter in length compared to 18-hole courses, often ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 yards.
- This difference in length translates to a more rapid pace of play, with rounds taking around 2 to 4 hours, as opposed to the typical 4 to 6 hours on an 18-hole course.
- Skill Requirements
- Nine-hole courses are often designed to be more accessible to a wider range of skill levels, with shorter holes and fewer hazards.
- This makes them an excellent option for beginners, those looking to improve their skills, or for those who simply want to enjoy a casual round of golf.
- Course Design and Variety
- Nine-hole courses can offer a unique and diverse range of challenges, as they often incorporate different styles of play and varying landscapes within the same layout.
- This allows players to experience a variety of holes and challenges in a single round, keeping the game interesting and engaging.
- Social Interaction
- The shorter format of nine-hole courses often encourages social interaction among players, as they may have more opportunities to converse and bond during the round.
- Additionally, many nine-hole courses are located in more central or urban areas, making them convenient for group outings or impromptu games with friends.
- Environmental Factors
- Nine-hole courses often occupy smaller land areas, which can make them more environmentally friendly and sustainable compared to larger 18-hole courses.
- They also tend to be more cost-effective to maintain, which can contribute to their accessibility and affordability for players.
Tips for Playing Nine-Hole Golf Courses
Warm-Up and Stretching
As golfers, it is crucial to take the time to properly warm up and stretch before playing a round of golf, especially on a nine-hole course. This will not only help to prevent injuries but also improve your overall performance on the course. Here are some tips for warming up and stretching before playing a round of nine-hole golf:
- Start with some light cardio to get your blood flowing and your muscles warmed up. This can be as simple as taking a brisk walk or jog around the course, or doing some jumping jacks or other exercises to get your heart rate up.
- Focus on stretching the muscles in your legs, arms, and back. These are the areas that are most commonly used when playing golf, and proper stretching can help to prevent injuries and improve your range of motion.
- Take a few minutes to practice your swing in a quiet area of the course, such as the driving range or practice green. This will help you to get a feel for your clubs and get your muscles warmed up for the round.
- Finally, make sure to hydrate before starting your round. This will help to keep you hydrated throughout the round and prevent fatigue.
Overall, taking the time to properly warm up and stretch before playing a round of nine-hole golf can help to improve your performance and prevent injuries. By following these tips, you can ensure that you are physically and mentally prepared for the challenges of the course.
Proper Club Selection
Selecting the right clubs is crucial to playing a nine-hole golf course effectively. Here are some tips to help you make the right choices:
- Know Your Course: Familiarize yourself with the course layout, hole distances, and hazards. This will help you determine which clubs to use for each shot.
- Choose the Right Clubs for Your Game: Consider your strengths and weaknesses when selecting clubs. If you’re a beginner, it’s best to use more lofted clubs like a 3-wood or a hybrid for longer shots, and a lower lofted iron for shorter shots.
- Consider the Wind: The wind can have a significant impact on your shots. If there’s a strong wind, you may need to adjust your club selection to compensate for the wind direction and speed.
- Be Prepared for Different Shots: Expect to encounter various shots throughout the course, such as approach shots, pitch shots, and chips. Make sure you have the right clubs for each type of shot.
- Practice Your Swings: Try different swings with different clubs to determine which ones feel most comfortable and effective for you. This will help you make the right club selection during the game.
- Be Flexible: Don’t be afraid to switch clubs if you’re having trouble with a particular shot. It’s better to switch to a different club that will help you get a better result than to stick with a club that’s not working for you.
By following these tips, you’ll be able to select the right clubs for each shot, leading to better results on the course.
Effective Strategies
- Maintain a positive attitude: Adopting a positive mindset can help you navigate challenging situations and maintain focus throughout the game.
- Understand your limitations: Know your strengths and weaknesses to make informed decisions on the course.
- Be patient: Golf is a game of patience, and nine-hole courses require even more restraint, as there’s less room for error.
- Practice your short game: Nine-hole courses emphasize the importance of accurate approach shots and precise putting, so make sure to hone your short game skills.
- Plan your shots strategically: Consider the wind direction, hazards, and the terrain when planning your shots to maximize your chances of success.
- Stay focused: Concentrate on each shot, avoiding distractions such as chatting with fellow players or checking your phone.
- Adapt to changing conditions: Be prepared to adjust your strategy based on weather, course conditions, or your personal performance.
- Play within your ability: Don’t overestimate your skills, as this can lead to frustration and disappointment. Instead, choose a tee box that aligns with your skill level.
- Enjoy the experience: Golf is a social and enjoyable game, so remember to savor the beauty of the course and appreciate the company of your fellow players.
Nine-Hole Golf Courses: Top Destinations Around the World
Scotland
Scotland is renowned for its stunning landscapes and picturesque golf courses, making it a popular destination for golf enthusiasts worldwide. With its rich history and challenging courses, Scotland offers a unique golfing experience that cannot be found anywhere else.
One of the most famous nine-hole golf courses in Scotland is the Old Course at St. Andrews. This historic course has been around since the 15th century and is considered the “Home of Golf.” The Old Course is a par-72 course that spans 6,437 yards and features a variety of challenges, including the iconic Road Hole.
Another popular nine-hole golf course in Scotland is the Castle Course at St. Andrews. This course was designed by David McLay Kidd and opened in 2008. It features panoramic views of the town of St. Andrews and the North Sea, as well as challenging holes that wind through ancient ruins and across a railway line.
The Carnoustie Golf Links is another world-renowned nine-hole golf course in Scotland. This course has hosted the British Open Championship eight times and is known for its challenging holes, including the infamous ” Barry Burn,” which has claimed many a golfer’s ball over the years.
Scotland’s nine-hole golf courses offer a unique and unforgettable golfing experience, with challenging holes, stunning scenery, and a rich history that can only be found in this part of the world. Whether you’re a seasoned golfer or a beginner, Scotland’s nine-hole courses are a must-visit destination for anyone who loves the game of golf.
United States
The United States is home to numerous nine-hole golf courses that offer unique challenges and stunning views. Some of the top destinations for nine-hole golf courses in the US include:
- Pebble Beach Golf Links (California)
- The Cascades Course at the Omni Amelia Island Plantation (Florida)
- The Golf Club at Cedar (Michigan)
- The Ocean Course at Kiawah Island Golf Resort (South Carolina)
- The Prairie Club (Nebraska)
- Bandon Dunes Golf Resort (Oregon)
- TPC Sawgrass (Florida)
- Pasatiempo Golf Course (California)
- Old White TPC at the Greenbrier (West Virginia)
- Bethpage State Park (New York)
Each of these courses offers a distinctive experience, with varying terrain, climate, and design features. For example, Pebble Beach Golf Links boasts breathtaking views of the Pacific Ocean, while The Cascades Course at the Omni Amelia Island Plantation is nestled amidst picturesque marshlands and lush forests. The Golf Club at Cedar, on the other hand, offers a challenging layout that winds through rolling hills and wooded areas.
Playing a nine-hole course in the US can be an enjoyable and cost-effective way to experience the best of American golf. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced golfer, these courses provide a fun and memorable challenge for players of all skill levels.
Australia
When it comes to golfing destinations, Australia is a country that is home to some of the most beautiful and challenging nine-hole golf courses in the world. From the picturesque surroundings of the bush to the stunning coastal views, Australia has a range of golf courses that cater to all levels of skill and experience.
One of the most popular nine-hole golf courses in Australia is the Cape Kidnappers Golf Course, located in New South Wales. This course offers stunning views of the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by rugged cliffs and rolling hills. The course is designed to be challenging, with narrow fairways and strategically placed bunkers, making it a true test of golfing skills.
Another notable nine-hole golf course in Australia is the Lost Farm Golf Course, located in Victoria. This course is set amidst the beautiful countryside and offers panoramic views of the surrounding mountains. The course is designed to be player-friendly, with wide fairways and large greens, making it an ideal destination for golfers of all abilities.
The Kingston Links Golf Course, located in Western Australia, is another popular nine-hole golf course in the country. This course offers challenging play, with water hazards and strategically placed bunkers, as well as beautiful views of the Swan River and the city skyline.
Overall, Australia is a country that is home to some of the most beautiful and challenging nine-hole golf courses in the world. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced golfer, there is a course in Australia that will challenge and delight you.
Additional Recommendations
- The Prairie Club in Nebraska, USA
- Designed by Tom Lehman and John Morrissett, this course features three nine-hole loops named after the natural elements – Dunes, Meadows, and Lakes.
- The Dunes loop offers challenging terrain with undulating fairways and strategically placed bunkers, while the Meadows loop boasts gently rolling hills and water hazards.
- The Lakes loop features more open spaces and longer holes, providing a different set of challenges for golfers.
- The Ranch at Urbana in Illinois, USA
- This unique course features three nine-hole loops that offer different golfing experiences, such as the Pine, the Dunes, and the Meadows.
- The Pine loop winds through a forest of pine trees, presenting a more secluded and intimate round of golf.
- The Dunes loop offers a links-style experience with rolling dunes and challenging wind conditions.
- The Meadows loop provides a more traditional parkland-style round with tree-lined fairways and strategically placed hazards.
- The Cabot Cape Breton in Nova Scotia, Canada
- Designed by Rod Whitman, this course offers breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean and the Cabot Trail.
- The front nine holes offer panoramic views of the ocean, while the back nine holes meander through a boreal forest.
- The course also features a variety of challenges, including tight fairways, strategically placed bunkers, and well-guarded greens.
- The Tara Iti Golf Club in New Zealand
- Designed by Greg Turner, this course is a true links-style experience, with nine holes featuring dramatic coastal views and challenging wind conditions.
- The course boasts undulating fairways, large greens, and strategically placed pot bunkers, providing a true test of golfing skills.
- The course is also designed to be environmentally sustainable, with native grasses and plants used throughout the course.
- The Oitavalo Golf Club in Brazil
- Designed by Gary Player, this course offers a challenging round of golf in a tropical setting.
- The course features a variety of challenges, including narrow fairways, strategically placed bunkers, and challenging approach shots to well-guarded greens.
- The course also boasts stunning views of the surrounding jungle and mountains, adding to the overall golfing experience.
Resources for Planning Your Nine-Hole Golf Adventure
If you’re planning a nine-hole golf adventure, there are several resources available to help you find the perfect course and make the most of your experience. Here are some useful resources to consider:
- Golf course directories: These directories provide detailed information about golf courses around the world, including course descriptions, ratings, and reviews from other golfers. Some popular directories include Golf Digest, Golf Magazine, and The Golfer’s Guide.
- Online golf forums: Online golf forums can be a great resource for finding information about specific courses, as well as getting recommendations from other golfers. Some popular forums include The Golf Club Forum, GolfWRX, and Golf Talk Canada.
- Golf travel websites: Golf travel websites can help you plan your entire golf trip, including finding the best courses to play, booking tee times, and arranging accommodations. Some popular golf travel websites include GolfChannel.com, GolfAdvisor.com, and GolfDigest.com.
- Golf tour operators: Golf tour operators specialize in planning golf vacations and can help you find the best courses to play, as well as arrange transportation, accommodations, and other services. Some popular golf tour operators include PerryGolf, Troon Golf, and Golfasian.
By using these resources, you can find the best nine-hole golf courses to fit your needs and preferences, and make the most of your golf adventure.
The Future of Golf
Golf, as a sport, has been evolving for centuries, and it continues to adapt to the changing times. With advancements in technology and an increasing awareness of environmental sustainability, the future of golf is bright and full of exciting developments. Here are some key trends that are shaping the future of golf:
- Innovative Course Designs: With the growing demand for unique and challenging golf courses, architects are experimenting with new designs that incorporate natural landscapes, water features, and other obstacles. These courses are not only visually stunning but also challenge golfers to think creatively and strategically.
- Sustainable Practices: As awareness of environmental issues grows, golf courses are becoming more sustainable by implementing practices such as reducing water usage, using native plants, and minimizing waste. This not only helps the environment but also saves costs for golf course owners and operators.
- Advancements in Technology: Technology is changing the way golf is played and managed. For example, golfers can now use tracking systems to analyze their swings and improve their technique, while course managers can use sensors to monitor course conditions and optimize maintenance schedules.
- Growing Popularity of Nine-Hole Courses: With the rise of urbanization and the need for smaller, more accessible golf courses, nine-hole courses are becoming increasingly popular. These courses offer a more affordable and convenient option for golfers who may not have the time or resources to play an 18-hole round.
- Virtual Reality Training: Virtual reality technology is being used to create realistic golf simulations that allow golfers to practice and improve their skills from the comfort of their own homes. This technology also allows golfers to experience famous courses from around the world without ever leaving their home course.
Overall, the future of golf looks bright, with exciting developments on the horizon that will continue to evolve the sport and make it more accessible to players of all levels.
Recap of Key Points
- The popularity of nine-hole golf courses is growing due to their accessibility and affordability for casual golfers.
- These courses offer a unique and challenging experience for players who want to enjoy a round of golf without the time commitment of an 18-hole course.
- Nine-hole courses are often located in scenic areas, such as mountains, forests, or along the coast, providing a picturesque backdrop for golfers.
- Some of the top destinations for nine-hole golf courses include Scotland, Ireland, Australia, and the United States, each offering a distinct golfing experience.
- It is important to research the course and its facilities beforehand to ensure a smooth and enjoyable round of golf.
- Proper attire and etiquette are expected on most nine-hole courses, so it is advisable to familiarize oneself with the dress code and rules of the course.
- Nine-hole courses are also an excellent option for beginners who are just starting to learn the game, as they can build confidence and develop their skills in a less intimidating environment.
Final Thoughts
As we come to the end of our journey through the top nine-hole golf courses around the world, it’s important to reflect on what makes these courses so special. Each one offers a unique experience that caters to a specific type of golfer, from the novice to the experienced pro. Whether you’re looking for stunning views, challenging holes, or a more intimate and personal golfing experience, these courses have something to offer everyone.
One of the great things about nine-hole courses is that they provide an opportunity for golfers to play multiple rounds in a single day, making them perfect for a quick getaway or a day trip. Additionally, they often offer more affordable rates than full 18-hole courses, making them accessible to a wider range of golfers.
As the popularity of nine-hole courses continues to grow, we can expect to see more innovative designs and unique features that cater to the evolving needs and preferences of golfers. Whether you’re a fan of traditional links-style courses or modern designs that incorporate natural features and challenges, there’s a nine-hole course out there that’s perfect for you.
So, whether you’re a seasoned golfer or just starting out, be sure to add one of these top nine-hole courses to your bucket list. With so many amazing options to choose from, you’re sure to find a course that will challenge you, inspire you, and leave you with memories that will last a lifetime.
FAQs
1. What is a nine-hole golf course?
A nine-hole golf course is a type of golf course that has nine holes for players to play through. It is a smaller and more compact version of a traditional 18-hole golf course. Nine-hole courses are often less expensive to build and maintain, and they are also more convenient for players who have limited time or who are just starting to learn the game.
2. How many holes are in a nine-hole golf course?
A nine-hole golf course has nine holes. These holes are typically laid out in a loop or a circle, and players start and finish at the same location. Some nine-hole courses may also have a separate set of holes that are played in a different order on each round.
3. Is a nine-hole golf course easier than an 18-hole course?
A nine-hole golf course can be easier than an 18-hole course for some players, especially for beginners or those with a lower skill level. This is because the shorter length of the course means that players have less distance to cover and fewer shots to hit. However, a nine-hole course can also be challenging for experienced players, as the shorter length can make it more difficult to score well.
4. Can I play a full round of golf on a nine-hole course?
Yes, you can play a full round of golf on a nine-hole course by playing two rounds back-to-back. Many nine-hole courses have a separate set of holes that are played in a different order on the second round, allowing players to experience a different layout. Some courses may also offer a “round repeat” option, where players can play the same nine holes twice in a row.
5. Are nine-hole courses less prestigious than 18-hole courses?
Nine-hole courses are not necessarily less prestigious than 18-hole courses. While some of the most famous and high-profile golf courses in the world are 18-hole courses, there are also many top-rated nine-hole courses that are known for their challenging layouts and beautiful scenery. Ultimately, the prestige of a golf course depends on its reputation, history, and quality of play, not on the number of holes it has.
